Parabolic antennas 70 meters in diameter are not uncommon. For example, over-the-horizon HF radars have much larger antennas, more than a mile in length. In some conditions, a fixed antenna can be quite large. The same formula shows that radar range and accuracy depend on the antenna gain or aperture, which, in turn, depend on the physical size of the antenna. A large high-flying aircraft could be detected by this radar at about 460 km. At the same time, larger equipment and more power are required to increase the range.ĪN/SPS-43 radar aboard USS Hornet (CVS-12). A simple calculation shows that doubling the peak power increases the range only by 25%. The formula above shows that the radar range is increasing with peak power. At the same time, the higher the frequency, the greater is the attenuation of the signal and hence the lower maximum range. Higher frequencies provide greater target resolution, allow detection of smaller targets and smaller sizes of antennas. Here we will discuss some of the major factors that affect the performance of any radar system. The operational availability, reliability and maintainability of the radar equipment.The ability to detect the signal reflected from the target if it is masked by clutter echoes, interfering or jamming signals,.The ability to distinguish between several targets,.The accuracy of measurement of the distance to the target and its azimuth,.The performance of a radar system can be estimated by the following factors: There are losses due to atmospheric absorption, multipath propagation, and other effects.ĪN/FPS-26 long-range height-finder radar (peak power 5 MW, frequency 5400 to 5900 MHz Factors Affecting the Performance of a Radar In a real radar, there will be a number of losses that reduce the radar effectiveness. This equation was derived assuming the ideal conditions - vacuum and no interference. The maximum range will be achieved when the radar detects the smallest received power P r = P min, which is limited by the noise of the radar receiver. The same formula can be rewritten using the wavelength instead of the frequency: Or for vacuum and no interference where the pattern propagation factor F = 1: If the same antenna is used for transmitting and receiving, G t = G r = G. ![]() Solving this for the range R, we obtain the classic radar equation: ![]() The “Monolit” radar system is designed for searching and identification of the surface targets and weapon target assignment The “Vympel-A” radar provides guidance for the 76.2 mm gun at a range up to 5000 m. “Monolit” radar (lower right) and “Vympel-A” radar (higher left) on the Project 1241.1M Tarantul class missile corvette “Ivanovets” in Sevastopol, Russia.
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